AQA: A-Level Biology Notes

3.1.1

Monomers and polymers

3.1.2

Carbohydrates

3.1.3

Lipids

3.1.4.1

General properties of proteins

3.1.4.2

Many proteins are enzymes

3.1.5.1

Structure of DNA and RNA

3.1.5.2

DNA replication

3.1.6

ATP

3.1.7

Water

3.1.8

Inorganic ions

3.2.1.1

Structure of eukaryotic cells

3.2.1.2

Structure of prokaryotic cells and viruses

3.2.1.3

Methods of studying cells

3.2.2

All cells arise from other cells

3.2.3

Transport across cell membranes

3.2.4

Cell recognition and the immune system

3.3.1

Surface area to volume ratio

3.3.2

Gas exchange

3.3.3

Digestion and absorption

3.3.4

Mass transport in animals

3.3.5

Mass transport in plants

3.4.1

DNA, genes, and chromosomes

3.4.2

DNA and protein synthesis

3.4.3

Genetic diversity can arise as a result of mutation or during meiosis

3.4.4

​Genetic diversity and adaptation

3.4.5

Species and taxonomy

3.4.6

​Biodiversity within a community

3.4.7

Investigating diversity

3.5.1

Photosynthesis

3.5.2

Respiration

3.5.3

Energy and ecosystems

3.5.4

Nutrient cycles

3.6.1.1

Survival and response

3.6.1.2

Receptors

3.6.1.3

Control of heart rate

3.6.2.1

Nerve impulses

3.6.2.2

Synaptic transmission

3.6.3

Skeletal muscles are stimulated to contract by nerves and act as effectors

3.6.4.1

Principles of homeostasis and negative feedback

3.6.4.2

Control of blood glucose concentration

3.6.4.3

Control of blood water potential

3.7.1

Inheritance

3.7.2

Populations

3.7.3

Evolution may lead to speciation

3.7.4

Populations in ecosystems

3.8.1

Alteration of the sequence of bases in DNA can alter the structure of proteins

3.8.2.1

Most of a cell's DNA is not translated

3.8.2.2

Regulation of transcription and translation

3.8.2.3

Gene expression and cancer

3.8.3

Using genome projects

3.8.4.1

Recombinant DNA technology

3.8.4.2

Differences in DNA between individuals of the same species can be exploited for identification and diagnosis of heritable conditions

3.8.4.3

Genetic fingerprinting