A-Level Biology AQA Notes

3.6.1.2 Receptors

Receptors
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Receptors
  • Sensory receptors are specialised cells in the nervous system that detect physical stimuli and convert them into electrical signals (the generator potential)
  • Sensory receptors tend to be specific to one type of stimulus because they have specialised structures that are specific to one type of physical property
  • ​Pacinian corpuscles detect changes in pressure in the skin.
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  • Increases in pressure cause a deformation of the concentric rings of the Pacinian corpuscle, opening stretch-mediated sodium channels in the membrane. Sodium ions enter the sensory neuron, causing a generator potential which can trigger an action potential

​Photoreceptors
  • The retina contains photoreceptors which detect light- rods and cones.
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Rods cells
Cones cells
Detect light across the middle of the visible light spectrum​
Three types of cone cells, which respond to red, green, and blue light
More sensitive to low light intensities than cones​
Comparing the responses from each type of cone receptor allows for colour vision
Use the pigment rhodopsin to detect light​
Use the pigment iodopsin to detect light
More abundant than cone cells
Fewer numbers than rod cells
Located more towards the periphery of the retina. Not present at the fovea
Concentrated at the fovea. Fewer at the periphery of the retina
​Multiple rod cells connect to a single bipolar cell
​Cone cells connect to their own bipolar cell
Provide poor visual acuity
Provide good visual acuity

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